Classification of vitamins

Vitamins are classified as water soluble (easily dissolved in water) and fat-soluble (soluble in fats and absorbed in the intestine by means of lipid). Water-soluble vitamins are usually easily distinguished by the body. Each vitamin is typically involved in many reactions that can have many functions.

Name                   Vitamery                                                                 Solubility

Vitamin A                   Retinoids (retinol, retinoids, carotenoids)                 Fat-soluble
Vitamin B 1           Thiamine                                                                 Water-soluble
Vitamin B 2           Riboflavin                                                         Water-soluble
Vitamin B 3           Niacin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide                         Water-soluble
Vitamin B 5           Pantothenic acid                                                 Water-soluble
Vitamin B 6           Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pirydoksamin                 Water-soluble
Vitamin B 7           Biotin                                                                 Water-soluble
Vitamin B 9           Folic acid                                                         Water-soluble
Vitamin B 12           Cobalamin                                                         Water-soluble
Vitamin C                   Ascorbic acid                                                         Water-soluble
Vitamin D                   Erhokaltsyferol, kolekaltsyferol (cholecalciferol) Fat-soluble
Vitamin E                   Tocopherols, tokotriyenoly                                 Fat-soluble
Vitamin K                  Naphthoquinone                                                 Fat-soluble

Vitamin B 1 (thiamine) found in yeast, germs and membranes of wheat, oats, buckwheat, and in bread made ​​from flour plain flour. The daily adult requirement of vitamin B 1 is 1.5-2 mg. Preparations of vitamin B group 1 is not only specific "antyhipovitaminoznymy" means. They actively affect different functions of the body, interfering with metabolism and neuro-reflex regulation of affect of nervous excitement at cholinergic synapses. Active (coenzyme) form of vitamin B 1 is its phosphorylated derivatives - tiamindyfosfat (kokarboksilaza), which is involved in decarboxylation reactions as prosthetic parts decarboxylase and several other enzymes that play an important role in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, especially the nervous and muscular tissues. For medical purposes, use products containing synthetic thiamine in the form of bromide or chloride, kokarboksilaza and others. In addition to preventive and therapeutic action in the appropriate hypo-and avitaminosis ("beriberi"), indications for use of vitamin B 1 is neuritis, sciatica, neuralgia, peripheral paralysis. Kokarboksilaza widely used in cardiology. In dermatological practice, Vitamin B 1 administered in Medicine neurogenic origin sverblyachtsi different aetiology, pyoderma, eczema, psoriasis.

Vitamin B 12 (cyanocobalamin) tissues of animals is not formed. Its synthesis in nature is only microorganisms. Requirements humans and animals in it are provided intestinal microflora, from cyanocobalamin enters the bodies accumulate in largest amounts in kidney, liver, intestine wall. Biologically active (coenzyme) form of vitamin B 12 is methyl and 5-dezoksyadenozil-cobalamin. The main function - part of relocation of mobile methyl groups and hydrogen. Cyanocobalamin has many pharmacological properties. It is a factor that stimulates growth and hematopoiesis, affects the liver and nervous system, activates blood clotting, the exchange of carbohydrates and lipids involved in the synthesis of various amino acids. For use as a product of vitamin B 12 obtained by microbial synthesis, and use products derived from the liver of animals, the body is able to deposit it. Cyanocobalamin is a highly effective tool that helps with malignant anemia, postgemorragicheskih (iron), nutritional and other types of anemia. Assign it as in radiation sickness, liver (Botkin's disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis), in certain diseases of the nervous system infections and others.

Vitamin B 2 (riboflavin) in the human body comes mainly from meat and dairy products. It is widely distributed in plant and animal world and found in yeast, whey, egg whites, meat, fish, liver, peas, peel and germs of cereals. Also obtained synthetically. Daily requirement for vitamin B 2 for adults is 1.5-2 mg. The biological role of vitamin B 2 , as well as other water soluble vitamins associated with its substrate participation in the formation of the corresponding coenzyme. When the riboflavin in the body interacts with adenosine acid and forms a flavin mononucleotide and flavinadenin-dynukleotyd. Both are part of the enzyme prosthetic flavinproteyiniv involved in the transport of protons and regulation of redox processes. Thus, riboflavin plays an important role in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in the maintenance of normal visual function of the eye (part of the visual purple and protects the retina from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation). In treatment for vitamin B 2 is used for hypo-and aryboflavinozi, conjunctivitis, keratitis, corneal ulcer, cataract, with long healing wounds and ulcers, general malnutrition, radiation sickness, fatigue, disturbances of bowel function, Botkin's disease and other diseases .

Activity of vitamin B 6 with pyridine derivatives: pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pirydoksamin that differ from each other substituents at position 4 (respectively metoksyl, formyl, methylamine). Vitamin B 6 found in plants and animal organs, especially in the raw grains of cereals, in vegetables, meat, fish, milk, cod liver and cattle, egg yolk, yeast. Daily demand adult it is 2 mg and met some food, some synthesis of intestinal microflora. Pyridoxine (pyridoxal, pirydoksamin) Entering into the body, phosphorylated, converted to pyridoxal-5-phosphate and in this form catalyzes the decarboxylation and transamination of amino acids. It is necessary for normal functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Apply vitamin B6 in B6, vitamin deficiencies, toxemia of pregnancy, anemia, leukopenia different etiology, nervous system diseases (Parkinson, radiculitis, neuritis, neuralgia), some skin diseases are others.

Folic acid (Vitamin B 9 ) is a group of vitamin C. It is found in fresh vegetables (beans, spinach, tomatoes, etc..) and in the liver and kidneys of animals. In humans, also produced intestinal microflora. For medical purposes (including for intoxication caused by anticancer drugs) use synthetic folic acid. Folic acid itself is inactive. In the body it is reduced to tetrahydrofolic that is a coenzyme of many metabolic processes. First, it catalyzes the transfer of single-carbon fragments in the synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, and therefore necessary for the formation of RNA and DNA . Its deficit gives mitotic division of cells, their maturation and function. Lack of folate (and vitamin B 12 ) leads to mehaloblastychnoyi anemia. Her medications prescribed for macrocytic and pernicious (along with vitamin B 12 ) anemia.

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) found in significant amounts in rose hips, cabbage, lemon, orange, radish, berries, pine needles, etc.. A small amount of it found in liver, brain, muscles of animals. For medical purposes, vitamin C obtained synthetically. Under normal conditions the daily adult requirement of ascorbic acid is 70-100 mg, its main effects due to participation in the regulation of redox processes as ascorbic acid easily becomes dehydroascorbic and back, giving or accepting two protons (oxidizing or restoring appropriate substrate) . Vitamin C activates the activity of endocrine glands, regulates all types of metabolism, blood clotting, tissue regeneration, the formation of steroid hormones, collagen synthesis, capillary permeability, and others. Ascorbic acid , showing a stimulating effect on the body as a whole increases its adaptive capacity, resistance to infections. Vitamin C is added to certain anti-inflammatory and other finished dosage forms.

Group combines fat-soluble vitamins vitamin A , vitamin D , vitamin E and vitamin K.

The biological role of fat-soluble vitamins is largely due to their participation in ensuring the normal functional state of the cell, cytoplasmic membranes.

Vitamin A and its synthetic analogues and homologues referred to as retinoids - derivatives of retinoic acid. Biologically active forms of vitamin A is retinol, retinal and retinoic acid itself. Vitamin A (retinol) found in animal products - fish oil, butter, egg yolk, liver, some fish (cod, sea bass, etc..) and marine animals (whale, walrus, seal). In plant foods retinol is not found. However, many of them (carrots, spinach, lettuce, parsley, chives, sorrel, red pepper, black currants, blueberries, gooseberries, peaches, apricots, etc.). Contain carotene, which is a provitamin A, from which the body is formed retinol . Vitamin A regulates cornification process, the formation and release of fat in the skin (sebaceous glands secret), is required for normal hair growth, support immunity participates in antitumor defense of the body. Retinal controls the light and color, retinol and retinoic acid are involved in the synthesis of vitamin A-dependent glycoprotein. In medical practice using preparations containing vitamin A , natural origin (eg, fish oil) and synthetic (retinol acetate and retinol palmitate). Preparations of vitamin A administered in prophylactic and therapeutic doses. Prophylactic dose setting based on the daily needs of the human body: Adult - 1 mg, for pregnant women and lactating women - 1,2-1,4 mg for children depending on age - from 0.4 to 1 mg treatment - for indicators. The main indications are hypo-and avitaminosis A, some eye diseases, diseases and lesions of the skin (frostbite, burns, wounds, etc.).. Apply them as in the treatment of rickets, malnutrition, acute respiratory diseases, to prevent the formation of concretions in the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract, and others.

Vitamin D is currently called the two fat-soluble, similar in chemical structure and action of matter - erhokaltsyferol (vitamin D 2 ) and kolekaltsyferol (vitamin D3) . The main feature of these compounds is the ability to prevent and treat rickets, because of what they are sometimes called antyrahitychnymy vitamins. Vitamin D 2 in a small amount found in foods: egg yolk, butter, milk, caviar, plants. Vitamin D 3 is formed in human skin under the influence of sunlight. Provitamin kolekaltsyferolu is 7-dehidroholesterol. On the biological activity of vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 little different, because the body both are likely to turn into calcitriol - an active metabolite of vitamin D . We prove the existence of tissue specific receptor ligand to contain calcitriol.

The main feature of vitamin D is its participation in the metabolism of calcium. It promotes the absorption of calcium in the digestive tract, activates its deposition in the bones and prevents the resorption of bone. At this time, vitamin D viewed not only as a vitamin, but also as a hormone that regulates, together with the hormone parathyroid gland calcium ion concentration in blood plasma. Vitamin D also regulates the content of phosphorus in the body. Apply vitamin D for prevention and treatment of rickets and bone disease caused by impaired calcium metabolism (osteomalacia and some forms of osteoporosis).

Under the name Vitamin E is known series compounds (tocopherols), similar in chemical nature and biological effects. The most active of these is D-alpha-tocopherol. Tocopherols are in the green parts of plants, especially in young seedlings of cereals rich in tocopherols vegetable oils (sunflower, cotton, corn, peanut, soy, sea buckthorn). Some of them also in meat, fat, eggs, milk. Vitamin E is an endogenous antioxidant factor (antioxidant), which inhibits lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. Participates in the biosynthesis of heme and proteins, cell proliferation in tissue respiration and other vital processes of cellular metabolism. Synthetic preparation of vitamin E (tocopherol acetate) , along with other antioxidants used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, eye diseases, and others. Wide application of tocopherol acetate found in senior practice. Vitamin E is prescribed for muscular dystrophy, dermatomyositis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, menstrual irregularities, the threat of abortion and others.

In some cases, vitamins mutually reinforce the physiological effects associated with them, so reducing the influence of vitamin P on vascular permeability increasing ascorbic acid, mutually enhanced stimulation of hematopoiesis cyanocobalamin and folic acid.

In some cases, the combined use of reduced toxicity of vitamins such as vitamin D is better tolerated on the background of vitamin A . However, vitamins can also show antagonistic properties: nicotinic acid inhibits the lipotropic action of choline. Actively participating in various biochemical processes, vitamins in their combination exhibit more severe and diverse biological effects. Produced a large number of domestic and foreign combined vitamin preparations in various dosage forms: tablets, effervescent tablets, pills, capsules, syrups. Many of them - multi - containing a large collection of not only vitamins, but also a variety of macro-and microelements (copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, chromium,etc.

Effects of vitamin E

There is a link between vitamin E and tissue respiration and inverse relationship between vitamin E and the degree of oxidation of lipids.

Tocopherols play an important role in the metabolism of selenium. Selenium is known to be an integral part of glutathione peroxidase - an enzyme that protects the membrane from the ravages of peroxide radicals. The biological role of vitamin is reduced to prevent avtookyslennya lipid biomembranes and the possible need to reduce glutathione peroxidase required for the destruction of peroxides which are formed in cells. Participation of tocopherols in the mechanism of transport of electrons and protons, regulating the process of transcription of genes role in the metabolism ubihinoniv studied.

Vitamin E improves blood circulation, helpful for premenstrual syndrome and the treatment of fibrotic diseases of the breast.

It provides normal blood clotting and healing, reduces scarring from some wounds, reduces blood pressure, helps prevent cataracts, improves athletic achievement, removes judicial feet, supports a healthy state of nerves and muscles, strengthens capillary walls, prevents anemia .

As an antioxidant vitamin E protects cells against damage, slows the oxidation of lipids (fats) and the formation of free radicals, destroying most reactive oxygen species. It protects other fat-soluble vitamins from destruction by oxygen, promotes the absorption of vitamin A. Vitamin E slows the aging process of the body, may prevent the formation of senile pigmentation.

Vitamin E is involved in the formation of collagen and elastic fibers intercellular substance. Tocopherol prevents increased blood clotting, positive effect on peripheral circulation, is involved in the biosynthesis of heme and proteins, cell proliferation, the formation of gonadotropins and development of the placenta.

In 1997, confirmed the ability of vitamin E alleviate Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, as well as improve immune function.

However, be aware that vitamin E plays a preventive role - it can not restore existing damage. Members of some studies that have not found any anticancerogenic effect of vitamin E, for many years burned and treated indifferently to their health. No drugs or vitamins can not restore tissue damaged by many years of unhealthy lifestyle. For example, daily consumption of 400 IU of vitamin E may prevent the transformation of nitrites (substances that are present in pickled and smoked foods) into carcinogenic nitrosamines, but does not convert nitrosamines in nitrite.

The effectiveness of vitamin E increased in the presence of other nutrients, antioxidants. Its anti-cancer effect increases the vitamin C.

Ensuring the child's body vitamin E depends not only on its content in foods and intestinal suction function, but the level of so-called unsaturated fatty acids in the diet and general state of lipid metabolism. In the womb, the fetus receives tocopherol from the maternal organism. Content in the blood during pregnancy, usually 1.5-2 times higher than in non-pregnant women. But due to the fact that a large number of tocopherol retained placenta, which contains it in 2-3 times more than the tissue of the fetus, the child is born in a state of "physiological" deficiency of vitamin E. Early application to the breast promotes rapid replenishment tocopherol content in plasma of the newborn due to its revenues from outside. This is another advantage of breastfeeding.

Additional input tocopherol in the form of drugs increases the overall reactivity of the child, the natural resistance of children to infectious diseases.

Light, oxygen and heat are factors able after prolonged storage or during cooking destroy vitamin.

In some products the content of tocopherol may decrease by half after only two weeks of storage at room temperature. Number of vitamin E in vegetable oils significantly reduced as a result of roasting. So always give preference to fresh food and oil is better used as a salad, but not for frying.

The main functions performed by vitamin E in humans :

protects cells from damage by free radicals (acts as an antioxidant)
involved in the biosynthesis of heme
prevent blood clots
involved in the synthesis of hormones
supports immunity
has antykantserohennyy effect
ensure the normal functioning of muscles

What is nutrition?

In the eyes of a dietitian, many people in our time, lose all reason when it comes to the consumption of food and beverages. Power in itself serves the purpose of maintenance metabolism, but does this mean that eating, every time a person has to take care of metabolism, rather than to satisfy hunger or catering requests? And what a layman would know about such a balance in your body?

We know that we must eat to live, not to live to eat! Satisfaction of food a person can get and keeping elaborate diet. In this respect, we perhaps might envy, and our remote ancestors who lived "closer" to her and the natural environment. Now, all rely on modern culture, requiring more and more consideration of factors that affect the human body. Food culture in our time developing on the basis of scientific principles.

Proper nutrition is from this position means power management, an adequate life, health status, in other words, the individual needs of the person. It serves as a guarantee for the maintenance and preservation of health. Let us list briefly the main principles of rational adequate nutrition.

Body's need for basic food ingredients is determined by age, sex, nature of human activity, climatic conditions, physiological state (in particular, women - pregnancy, lactation in nursing mothers, and others), on the one hand, and the total energy value of food, on the other .

Requirements for the balance of power in a ratio determined by the optimum intake of nutrients - proteins (B), fat (F), carbohydrates (Y). In drawing up the daily diet is achieved as a balance him on a number of indicators such as the amino acid composition, the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, mineral composition, etc. According to the formula of a balanced diet (by A. Pokrovsky), if we take 100 grams of protein per unit , the optimal ratio of B: F: V (by weight) should be 1:1:4, with employment in heavy physical labor - 1:1,3:5. With a sedentary lifestyle (eg, employees of the institutions, cabinet "hermits") - 1:1,1:4,1.

Distribution of food intake during the day (the energy value, composition and weight). This so-called diet, compliance with which is especially important because of its systematic violation leads to chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines of many people. Few aware of the fact that a variety of ailments, not just constipation and headaches can be caused by bad diet. All is not convinced that the correct diet begins with the observance of the regularity of the chair, and it contributes to the correct mode again. Regular chair - the best and obvious evidence that the digestive functions of the body are normal.

A variety of foods and dishes in your diet - another principle of rational adequate nutrition. But we should not increase the amount of breakfast is not recommended to excessive fluid intake, you should not use the liquid first meal for breakfast. If the meal is eaten the first dish volume, it is combined with small portions of dishes not to overload the stomach. Useful combination of vegetable dishes with cereal. Avoid soft drinks during dinner, this leads to the excitation of the nervous system, which is not recommended just before bedtime.

Amazing qualities of the herbs

On the incredible qualities of the plant known in the days of ancient Rome. In herbal medicine today has more than 600 names of medicinal herbs. However, treatment plants are not always the case indefinitely and safely as you might think. Before starting treatment you should seriously consider the possibility of side effects and the true potentials of herbal medicine.

Some people believe that herbs are safe because they have a natural origin, however this is very misleading. So many plants, such as celandine, such as intoxication, a fighter, and many others - are highly toxic. Toxicity may occur with overdoses and relatively safe plant species.

For example, the excessive passion valerian can cause nervous disorders, St. John's wort - the problems of the gastrointestinal tract. So the choice of route of administration and dosage should be left to the professional for which herbal medicine is a profession.

When the grass is chosen, do not buy it from strangers, as the healing properties of herbs will depend on many factors, such as the time of collection, location, storage conditions, so it's best to buy it at the pharmacy, do not forget to check only the expiration date. Often, herbal therapy is especially effective for chronic diseases. In diseases of the lungs, kidneys, liver, stomach and heart.

If you have decided to collect the grass, then it must be remembered that each herb has its time of collection, weather conditions and even depends on the lunar day, so you need to use special handbooks. And the most important condition - the grass should grow in the ecologically clean area.

Keep the grass must be in a paper bag in a dry, dark place is better. Infusions and decoctions should be put in the refrigerator for no more than 2-3 days. And remember, what works for one person to another can be a poison. Selection of herbs should be taken into account all the individual features of the person and require mandatory consultation of the doctor!

Today it is fashionable to be healthy!

Which tricks do not resort only we modern women to look their best! Solarium, beauty parlor, sauna, spa treatments, trendy diet - our services all the new beauty industry! But look blooming, and a woman to be her - not the same thing. Do not we miss something important in the pursuit of outward signs of health? How often does your poor health, reluctance to climb out of bed, tired as usual, we explain the lack of sleep and nervous overloads! Colleagues note: "Yes, it's time you just on vacation!" But, after returning from a long-awaited vacation in two weeks, we again feel all the same symptoms. And feeling bad not gone anywhere! But we consider ourselves to be healthy! And which doctor to go with complaints of low mood, irritability and constant fatigue? This is the same as in the joke, "You would have complained to his salary!". And there is to complain at that. After all, we did not suspect that these seemingly "harmless" symptoms may be a manifestation of a serious malfunction of the body. And if they say that the eyes - a mirror of the soul, then we can say with confidence that our mood is a reflection of the endocrine, nervous and other body systems. Our body is designed so complicated that even a healthy woman's performance varies considerably depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle. What can we say about the situation, when something went wrong! There is a hormonal imbalance - a situation where some hormones become more than you need, and others less. At the same time some agencies are beginning to work with explicit congestion, while others, on the contrary, "derelict." All this leads to various diseases. Most pathology for a long time does not manifest itself, to put it just fatigue and wanton mood swings. say that we women are protected from stress better than men. But what price we pay for it! Constant stress mercilessly beaten on the endocrine system, causing a malfunction of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and ovaries. We are paying the price with conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, a variety of mastopathy, fibroadenomas and breast cysts, ovarian cysts , and even infertility! woman's body is designed fairly well, hormonal imbalance has arisen in the load on the internal organs is redistributed, they "rescue" each other, saving the whole body. How long can the body function normally in this mode of stress? That's for someone as lucky! It can be quite a trip to the south, so that all dormant sores woke up and made ​​themselves felt! But it also happens that a long time have nothing to worry about the same pathology over time become more persistent. And it was the early detection of such disorders significantly increases the chances of recovery of internal resources, without giving a dangerous process lead to an irreversible reorganization of the whole organism. We are a vicious circle: the constant lack of time forces us to put off a visit to the doctor, we have no time to go to specialists and tests. Miracle creams and salon treatment (for them that we do not regret the time!) Provide only a temporary effect of health. The root cause of asymptomatic disease is not eliminated, and violations are becoming more pronounced. A time to do a like was not, and no! such examples abound. Doctor tells Elena Sinitsyn, "The most typical situation, when a woman comes with complaints of fatigue, chronic fatigue, but it turns out that this anemia. However, anemia in a vacuum does not occur. Already during the conversation it becomes clear that a woman has irregular menstrual cycle, and after examination it becomes clear that the cause is a serious disease - fibroids, endometriosis , or leaking concealed masquerading as other diseases. " Another case from the practice of Elena Nikolaevna. A woman after her divorce from her husband (stress!) has an irregular menstrual cycle. The woman thought it was a sign of fatigue, and six years have not applied for assistance! She did not come herself, led her daughter was so weakened by this woman. It turned out that it took all these years of menstruation, it was nothing like the bleeding! They began to look for the cause, and that uterine fibroids, and is large enough. How often do we women pay attention to their natural biorhythms? Because the menstrual cycle, precise as a clock Queen - is the card a healthy woman! Only the combination of scientific knowledge and modern technology allows you to identify the resulting disturbances of the menstrual cycle when they have not given any outward manifestations of the disease. This is the best time to correct them! At the present stage of scientific development has created a unique program that best meets all the requirements of the modern woman. The "Women's Health," provides an opportunity as soon as possible (for 3-3.5 hours) for a complete survey of the whole organism. advantage of this program is a systematic approach to diagnosis. Therefore, after detailed discussion with the doctor assigned to one set of studies that will most accurately reflect the state of our body at the time of treatment. In addition to the diagnostic methods that are included in WHSD, held traditionally "female" research: ultrasound breast, pelvic, breast radiometry glands, blood tests for tumor markers, determination of hormonal status. This is not an exhaustive list of all the analyzes. Here, explore, even hair and nails! And all to make as complete a picture of the processes occurring in the body. At the final consultation gynecologist , we finally get the long-awaited answer to the question: "What is happening to us?" The doctor makes all the recommendations, as well as a written report with the results all studies. This conclusion can be accessed by physicians in other centers or clinics. However, in practice, this happens rarely! It plunged into an atmosphere of caring, feeling the highest level of training of doctors, warm and friendly attitude of all staff, and do not want to go somewhere else! Especially since the treatment regimen is unique and has no analogues not only in Moscow but also in Europe. Let's keep our health for many years, so that each woman was full of beauty, love and happiness! Source: Medical Center of Cybernetic Medicine

Background Drug and Alcohol

Alcoholism, drug addiction basic component of healthy lifestyle is eradication of harmful habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs). These harmful to human health habits are considered prerequisites for a variety of diseases, dramatically reduce the life span, reduce the functionality of the body, adversely affect the health of the growing generation, and the well-being of future generations. The definition of drug abuse is their use in any manner that is contrary to the instructions of the medical and social point of view. As a result of drug treatment is the only way drugs are the prerequisites: Group consistency. If the use of any drug taken in a particular group, means a person belongs to either the way he identifies himself, he will feel the need to use the drug in order to demonstrate their own adaptation to the group. This applies to all drugs, nicotine and alcohol to heroin. Enjoy the result. This reason can be called one of the key, why people become addicted. Associated feelings begin to improve before being fantastic euphoria. availability of drugs. The percentage of illicit drug use is higher where they are easier to obtain. Most often these large cities. However, the use of legal drugs, among other things grow with the availability of, for example, alcoholism prevalent among those for whom alcohol is a business. curiosity. Another fairly common cause of drug addiction. Prompted by his people can not resist the temptation of something new. Alcoholism small drinking does not interfere with human health. Studies show that eating a small number of alcohol can have beneficial results on the heart and it is likely to prolong life. But, alas, we are witnessing the fact that very few people drink alcohol in small quantities. Why do many people need treatment for alcoholism . Excessive alcohol consumption causes social discontent, a hangover, lowering disability. In the future, may be irreversible defects in the liver, loss of memory, impaired functioning of the nervous system, insomnia, slowed reflexes. Predisposition to alcohol in males is higher than in women. However, experience has shown that female alcoholism is harder to treat. In any case, do not become alcoholics and drug addicts to those we meet on the street and go around that side. Stay healthy people.

How to whiten teeth at home?

Are you one of those dreams of a Hollywood smile? Well, we must admit that you are not alone in their dreams. Today the snow-white smile and sparkling dream of almost everything. However, what we can do if the TV screens and billboards on us every now and then look down Hollywood stars, the teeth are just sparkle! In fact, today nearly every dental office can do laser teeth whitening, however, this procedure is not everyone can afford. Some for this procedure will have to remove the deposits in rubles , because quite expensive laser whitening.


However, you can whiten your teeth, and at home. Of course, this effect is not so persistent, but in the solemn moments of my life you can look really stunning. Note that prior to such procedures, it is best to consult with your dentist. So today we'll show you how to cook their own special toothpaste that will make your teeth white. Take one tablet of calcium, purchased at a pharmacy, transform it into a powder, add to the powder a little salt and little water. You are using salt should be very small. This is sold in stores, so that problems with her you purchase should arise.


All the ingredients of the future paste should be very thoroughly, so that eventually you smooth. After this you must add a "gruel" the most common bit of toothpaste that you brush your teeth in the morning. The mixture should be applied to the teeth, but do so with extreme caution. When applying a whitening gum paste must remain intact. Paste on the teeth should be kept for five minutes.


But that's not all the secrets of people who are able to give you a white smile. If the calcium in your home is not found, then use a tablet of activated charcoal - this drug is probably in your home medicine cabinet. Activated charcoal should be turned into powder and then put on your toothbrush and thoroughly clean the teeth. With this method you can effectively fight plaque, but it must be said that during the cleaning process should not be too much pressure on the toothbrush, so as not to damage the enamel. And finally, recall that once you decide to spend home bleaching, by all means check with your dentist! Do not ignore this rule, and then your teeth for the care you pay back the snow-white radiance and shine.

Vitamin A to fight against Leukemia

 More simple enough vitamins and organic substances which are not used as a source of energy but are essential for life. In terms of their chemical composition, are completely different from each other. Are classified into two main groups, fat-soluble and hydrosoluble. A is a fat-soluble vitamins, which is soluble in lipids, D, E and K, along with vitamins. The food is fat and body fat accumulation can not be taken every day. Vitamin A in our body, also known as erretinol, may be obtained in two different ways. On the one hand, can be manufactured from carotenes, vitamin A, these are pioneers. Carrots, pumpkin, spinach, cabbage and potatoes are the vegetables. On the other hand, can be absorbed organismoetatik are fed vegetables, milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, liver and fish liver oils.


Our body is not affected by transformation of vitamin A does not affect fisiologikorik change. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain the derivatives, ie, erretinoideak. This change occurs in the liver and deposited in the cells after they have become erretinoide. There are three main functions of our body Erretinoideei: cell death and proliferation desberdintzapena. Ten years ago the Department of Cell Biology and Histology University erretinoideek how to strengthen the study of cell death began. This ability to cause cell death that was certain to die, such as cancer cells. Some cells lost the ability to divide and are aging, and eventually to death. There are two types of death: necrosis and apoptosis. Necrosis, the cell is subjected to a very large and unexpected losses in the dismantling of the cell. This is usually a physical problem or lack of oxygen occurs, and eventually loses control of the cell membranes of the analysis, the cell contents scattered.


Apoptosis, the cell has a capacity. It is necessary to control cell death and the program. Our body is a mechanism essential to continue to function properly. If you do not kill cells with defects in apoptosis can lead to serious problems in the functioning of the body. All cells have the ability to perform apoptosis, but is not required in all cells. Is necessary only, and is activated in response to this external and internal stimuli. Erretinoideak for substances such as the modulator. Researchers at the University of Erretinoide erretenamida was chosen for the study. This is a synthetic, so it is not a substance synthesized in our bodies. Are used to treat some other natural Erretinoide disease, such as skin, but high doses are required, and the body becomes toxic is not well supported. Hence the synthetic erretinoide.


Linfoblastikoan erretinamidak have studied the influence of the University of  Leukemia, and this is linfiblastoen cancer. Those who have lost control of the cell cycle, divided by a constant, accumulation in bone marrow and blood cell production difficult. 95% of affected people die due to the influence of Erretinamidaren linfoblasto have seen that. This is because the increase in oxidative stress within cells, which activates the mechanisms of programmed cell death. As a result, the damaged cells die and damage the cells have almost no sense. Have shown that cells exposed to linfiblastikoa erretinamidak only kills leukemia cells and not healthy. Why do not affect healthy cells that researchers continue to investigate and found that several factors. Erretinamidan-based medicines, before these factors must be carefully considered and tailored treatments for each patient.

Five interesting facts about Vitamin B6- Pyridoxine

Here are five interesting facts about Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxine should know:
A. Vitamin B6 plays an important role in the breakdown and utilization of fats and carbohydrates and simple sugars availability needed for immediate use in cells. Additionally, it serves as a line - Factor (co-enzyme activity) in the production of proteins. The vitamin is also needed to dismantle an amino acid called homocysteine, which accumulation impairs blood vessel walls and may lead to heart disease.
Second. Vitamin B6 plays an important role in producing serotonin, a neurotransmitter type. Serotonin associated with feelings of calm, relaxation and security. Lack of it can cause depression, anxiety and irritability and insomnia. This is why the importance of adequate intake of vitamin D in general and as part of treatment of sleep disorders and mood.
Three. There may be missing modes in the elderly, as absorbent capacity and utilization of the vitamin drops. Certain drugs, such as antipsychotics or oral contraceptives, can cause vitamin deficiency due to damage absorption. Smoking also causes vitamin deficiency due to damage to its metabolism. Missing signs usually difficult to diagnose; symptoms such as weakness, confusion, insomnia, anemia, elevated levels of homocysteine ​​in the blood, nervousness and irritability, may indicate a vitamin deficiency.
Four. Minimum allowance vitamin intake is: Infants (0 - year): 0.3 to 0.6 mg, children 0.9 to 1.8 mg, men and women: 2 mg, pregnant women: 2.6 mg, nursing mothers - 2.4 m "C a day. accidental toxicity are rare, but this is the only water-soluble vitamin that may cause excess nervous system. taking the supplement for the treatment of clinical situations, consult with your doctor about the dosage.
Five. Food Sources: Vitamin B6 is found in a variety of foods, especially from the "protein" - meat and poultry, fish, egg, soybeans, and beans. Other sources include: potato, bananas, oats,, peanuts and nuts, whole grain products, cereals, tomatoes, avocado and more. The vitamin is not found in products made from white flour because the wheat processing destroys the vitamin, so it is recommended to consume whole grain products. It is important to know that the level of consumption of the vitamin depends on the amount of protein consumed. That is, people who consume higher levels of protein foods also require higher levels of the vitamin.

"The winter of Vitamin D"

Most people get vitamin D primarily through exposure to UVB radiation. Location and season affect the risk therefore of particular population be deficient in vitamin. During times of the year, known as "winter of vitamin D", UVB radiation in certain latitudes is too weak even to begin production of the vitamin in the skin. Ozone blocks UVB rays, and therefore its peak intensity near the equator, where sunlight path through the atmosphere is very short, and the production of vitamin D is possible all year round. Penetration angle sharper higher latitudes weakens the power of UVB rays is too low to produce vitamin, especially in winter.

Excessive intake of vitamin E helps to protect your heart and blood vessels:

Vitamin E is a powerful anti - oxidants, unique soluble particles to prevent oxidation - fat in the body, such as LDL, aka "bad cholesterol". High level of oxidized LDL in the blood, associated with increased risk for atherosclerosis and heart disease and blood vessels. In addition, vitamin E helps prevent formation of blood clots in the body and acts as an anticoagulant and dissolves blood clots formed. Formation of blood clots in blood vessels, causing damage that could result in heart attack or stroke. Vitamin E keeps the heart and blood vessels also by expanding the blood vessels, allowing better blood flow and preventing excessive - Press - blood.

Vitamin K in foods

Vitamin K is mainly found in green vegetables such as spinach or cabbage, although it appears, to a lesser extent, in almost all vegetables. 

Vitamin K, as fat-soluble vitamin that is, passes oils such as olive oil, but lose in large part, such as other fat soluble vitamins, during the refining process, with the difference that in this case , contrary to what happens with vitamin E, not added back. 

In foods that contain vitamin K is relatively stable. Perfectly resists heat treatment but can be degraded by photochemical oxidation.


Usually it is assumed that under normal conditions, intestinal bacteria provided the majority of vitamin K, up to 90% of that in the body. However, these figures have been revised so that it is considered that their contribution is around 50%, but in any case, enough to cover the needs in normal situations. 

Vitamin K deficiency in humans is very rare. It can occur in newborns, by the combination of three factors, low reserves, the low human milk and the lack of bacterial flora. In some countries, all newborns receive a dose of 1 mg of this vitamin. In adults, it may appear a deficiency of this vitamin by the combination of a diet low in severe treatments with antibiotics.

Vitamin D, a miracle drug that cures diseases 7

Vitamin D, which is known as the "sunshine vitamin" is gaining more recognition among scientists for the benefits to health. Vitamin D is different from other vitamins by the fact that its influence extends throughout the entire body. Receptors have been found of this vitamin in almost every cell of the body from the brain to the bones.Vitamin D is also unique to the only vitamin that humans make for themselves after exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun.A light-skinned person takes only 15 minutes to generate 10,000 to 20,000 units of vitamin D in a sunny day.


Not yet know all the effects of vitamin D, but it is clear that the vitamin is a nutrient vital ability to : Strengthen bones and immune system, Reduce cancer tumors, Prevention of Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia & Relieve pain. 

Diseases that vitamin D improves dramatically:

1.Heart disease.
2.Cancer.
3. Diabetes.
4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
5. Rheumatoid Arthritis.
6.Multiple Sclerosis.
7.Osteoporosis .

B-vitamins reduce stress at work .

Increasing the consumption of vitamin B may significantly reduce work-related stress, a new study shows.

Australian researchers conducted a clinical study, volunteers were divided into two parts. One group was given three months of the B-vitamin supplements in large doses, the second group received a placebo during the same period.

Swinburne University of Technology who led the study researcher Con Stough 'prices, they said at the beginning of the study surveyed 60 people of different factors such as personality characteristics, the demands placed on them at work, mood, anxiety and tension. Reassessment of one and three months.

"Three months have complained about the vitamin B group people belonged to a much lower stress level than at the beginning of the study," said Stough. The study showed that these were actually the stress levels fell by almost a fifth. Considerable changes in the placebo group but was not observed.

Although it was the first study of this nature, the results of the study authors did not come as a surprise, because the B vitamin plays an important role in cognitive functions.

"B-vitamin found in a wide range of unprocessed foods such as meat, beans and cereals, is necessary for the psychological welfare neurotransmitter synthesis. Unfortunately, the today people only intake of vitamin B quantity deficiency, and so must also consume vitamin supplements," said Stough.

"Stress reduction, in turn, is accompanied by serious health problems such as cardiovascular disease, depression, and anxiety reduction in risk. Organization from the perspective of workers means lower levels of stress, however, increased productivity," said Stough.

Vitamin E will save the liver

Status of people with liver disease, caused by obesity can significantly enhanced by vitamin E. However, recklessly take such supplements are not recommended, this may lead to the emergence of new health problems.

American scientists conducted an experiment which was attended by 247 patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. One half of the participants for two years, regularly took vitamin E, and the other had used pills or anti diabetic drug.

After treatment biopsy was performed (lifetime exclusion of tissues, organs for microscopic examination for diagnosis), which showed that liver function improved by 43% in those patients who regularly took vitamin E, and only 19% of those who used tablets. These results have surprised scientists, because previously vitamin E has not been used for treatment of serious liver disease.

Also, little has improved the status of patients receiving antidiabetics drugs, but in all of the participants observed a set of overweight in 4-5 kg, and remained after treatment.

Some participants who took vitamin E, by the end of the study developed diabetes. Scientists say that this experiment was very loyal to make serious conclusions on account of the role of the vitamin in the event of illness.

How vitamins affect our hair?

Vitamin B2 This vitamin is healthy hair look. Hair quickly become greasy at the roots and ends at the same time remain dry, talk about a lack of vitamin B2. Found in dairy products, meat, liver, in the bread.


Vitamin B3 is responsible for the formation of the pigment of hair. With a lack of this vitamin hair starting to go gray early, disturbed hair growth. Found in liver and beef, as well as brewer's yeast, in peanuts, in whole grains, in fish.


Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) plays an important role in the life of the body, strengthens the immune system, affects the hair. The source of this vitamin - liver, chicken, bran, egg yolks, brewer's yeast, broccoli, whole grains, peanuts.


Vitamin B6. Lack of this vitamin causes itchy, dry scalp, dandruff. Source - chicken, fish, pork, liver, kidney, soy, eggs, nuts, whole grains, vegetables, bananas, potatoes, cabbage.


Vitamin B10 helps fight early gray and maintain normal hair color. Source - fish, dairy products, egg yolks, brewer's yeast, nuts, rice, potatoes.



Vitamin B12 (kolabamin) plays an important role in maintaining good health and hair growth. Lack of this vitamin can cause itchy, dry scalp, patchy baldness. Found in foods of animal origin, egg yolks and dairy products.



Vitamin C supports capillaries, improves circulation of the scalp, strengthens hair follicles, which is important to prevent hair loss. Contained in black currants, rose hips in, in cabbage (more in fermented) in citrus.


Vitamin A (retinol) is useful in dry and brittle hair, restores damaged hair structure, making them more flexible. Present in butter, liver, fish, egg yolks, dried apricots, sea-buckthorn, blackberry, gooseberry, mountain ash and carrots.


Vitamin E improves circulation, strengthens the immune system. Lack of this vitamin affects hair growth and may result in their loss. Contained in seeds, nuts and sunflower oil.

Physical and Chemical Properties of vitamin K

Vitamin K 1 is a light yellow oil which crystallized at -20 ° and boils at 115-145 ° in a vacuum. This substance is soluble in chloroform, ethanol and other organic solvents. Its solution absorbs UV rays. Thus, in petroleum ether absorption maxima are at a wavelength equal to 243, 249, 261, 270 and 325 nm. In this series the greatest optical density (  = 420) Vitamin K shows at 249 nm.

Vitamin K 2 - yellow crystalline powder with a melting point 54 °, which dissolve in organic solvents. It has spectra similar to those of vitamin K 1, but less intensely absorbing UV rays. For example, in petroleum ether its absorption maximum is at 248 nm and is  = 295.

Vitamin K 3 is a lemon-yellow crystalline substance with a characteristic odor. The melting point of 160 °. It is poorly soluble in water, due to lack of its long hydrocarbon molecule chains.

Daily requirement of vitamin K

The need for vitamin K, i.e, the amount required to prevent deficiency in normal conditions is about 1 microgram per kilogram body weight per day. Weighing 60 kg man needs 60 mg of vitamin K per day. A typical diet contains from 300 to 500 micrograms of vitamin K per day. Vitamin A deficiency - something rare, except when food is limited or where rapid interactions with drugs affecting the absorption of vitamin. Even without food sources normally functioning gut bacteria population can produce enough vitamin K.

The need for vitamin K in infants is in the early days of 12.10 mg.Modern mixtures containing about 4 mg of vitamin K per 100 calories, which under normal circumstances would be sufficient to meet the needs of the body.

HISTORY OF DISCOVERY OF VITAMIN K

In 1929, Danish scientist Henrik Dam (Henrik Dam) describe beriberi in chickens that were on the synthetic diet. The main feature of it was haemorrhage - bleeding in the subcutaneous tissue, muscle and other tissues. Add yeast as a source of vitamins B, and fish oil, rich in vitamin A and vitamin D, does not eliminate the pathological phenomena. It turned out that the healing effect with grain cereals and other plant products. Substances which cure hemorrhages, were named vitamin K, vitamin or coagulation, because it was found that bleeding in the experimental birds, for example, associated with decreased ability of blood to clot.

Edward Doyzi in 1936, tried to identify with stops plant opened in 1929, Danish biochemist Henrik Dame vitamin called it vitamin K (from the English «koagulations» - clotting). None of yarrow or with plantain then select the vitamin failed. As it turned out later, there was a small amount.

 In 1939, the laboratory Carrera was first isolated from alfalfa vitamin K, was named filohinon. That same year, Binkley and Doyzi received from rotting fish meal with substance antyhemorahichnoyu action, but with other properties, the preparation isolated from alfalfa. This factor received the name of vitamin K 2 in contrast to the vitamin from alfalfa, called vitamin K 1.On top Doyzi synthesized artificial vitamin K 3 - medion. 

THE VITAMIN K TO STRENGTHEN YOUR BONES

Of vitamin K is needed, therefore, osteocalcin gammakarboksylaatiossa, but also vitamin K has been shown to influence the bone in an independent manner. Derived from the diet in quantities of vitamin D benefits bones seem to largely be explained by the former which in effect, but especially when used at pharmacological doses, also come into play with vitamin K2 other benefits.In vitro studies have shown that vitamin K2 forms, at least MK-4 and MK-7 osteoblastispesifisten affect gene expression. In addition, MK-7 increases osteoblast differentiation, and it has also been shown to inhibit ovariectomy induced bone loss in rats.

Vitamin K for bone health, thanks to that it might improve some bone density, but also to improve the quality of the bone. D supplementation and bone matrix mineralization osteosyyttien differentiation, and thus considered to be reliably established that vitamin D has an impact on the structural and cellular factors that affect bone strength.

Vitamin B against winter ailments

We have reiterated many times during seasonal illness, more or less serious or less serious or not, one of the things we need help in avoiding the pain to take care of our power . All says that doctors and nutritionists. It is vitamin B, including all the vitamins, one should more food we eat. Especially children and young people requiring regular use of vitamin B for their growth. A lack of vitamin B causes, in fact, the failure to convert food into energy. The vitamin is the key to changing food into fuel, to bring their day-to-day activities.            

The B vitamins   found in many foods, including fruits and vegetables, fish, meat and milk. But do not have the same role in our metabolism:

·Vitamin B3 and B5 promote targeted protection defense against digestive disease that affects the nose, ear and throat;
·Vitamin B6 occurs, instead, the production of DNA and proteins which later form the antibodies;
·Vitamin B9 or folic acid helps prevent respiratory infections especially in children.

It follows then, that the lack of one or more of the vitamins, which act in synergy and as a team, can cause serious defects in the immune system, thus impairing the body's natural defense of our body . We must remember, then, that the vitamin B complex works synergistically with vitamin C, because it also protects our immune system works. Unfortunately, not always, however, was not included as these two vitamins supply power and at times must necessarily resorting to other types of integration.

SKIN CARE VITAMIN C: THE REAL DEFENSE AGAINST AGE

An apple a day may keep us from becoming sick because of the vitamin C, but vitamin C is also important for the health and quality of our skin. If you are surprised to hear that the Vitamin C skin care is becoming all the rage lately, do not. There are a couple of great reasons why vitamin C skin care products are on the rise, such as:

It is a natural antioxidant. What does it mean for you? This means that your skin is protected by the pollutants,toxins and other environmental factors that can be damaging to our skin and causes it to age prematurely. Vitamin C for our skin, much as its within our bodies, acts as a kind of "first defense" against the toxins.

It contains collagen. Collagen, as most women are aware by now, is an ingredient that can help prevent the appearance of aging. Vitamin C is important because it facilitates the creation, maintenance, and stability of collagen. So if you want the collagen in your body to perform properly, be sure to get a healthy dose of vitamin C

Now before you invest in a bag of oranges and apples to eat to help improve your skin, remember that although vitamin C is important in the body, when you ingest products with vitamin C your skin will not reap the benefits of Vitamin C as it would be the vitamin C is applied topically to the skin.

Eat lots of vitamin C really does not boost the level of vitamin C that reaches your skin. That is why it is important to invest in skin care products vitamin C so you can reap the benefits of this important vitamin.

Except with the anti-aging properties, include some other benefits to vitamin C skin care:

- Natural sunscreen protection against UVA and UVB rays

- Reducing the redness of the skin (this is great for those with rosacea)

- Avoiding the creation of abnormal skin cells, thus reducing your risk of skin cancer

In summary, using a Vitamin C skin care products are really the true age of the fighter as prevent signs of aging in a natural and effective way.

If you are interested in trying the Vitamin C skin care products, why not try making your own? You can make your very own vitamin C skin care treatments with only a little vitamin C powder (any where from 1/8 to ¼ of a teaspoon) and aloe vera gel. Take one of aloe vera gel dopple and add powdered vitamin C.

Once you have mixed the two ingredients in each one, apply it in your face as you would any skin cream. You can use this skin care vitamin C treatment in the morning or at night before you go to bed. It is also a good aftershave lotion that for men and women alike, so be sure to share the saving skin secret to your wife.

Breastfeeding and Vitamin D

Vitamin D helps your baby develop strong bones. Sunlight can be a major source of vitamin D, but it is difficult to measure how much sunlight your baby is getting. Things like where you live, the amount of pigment in the skin of your baby, how much time your baby during the day, and the use of sunscreens all affect how much vitamin D the body of your Babies can make from sunlight.


The AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) suggests that all children, including those who exclusively breastfed and those who are fed formula, with at least 200 International Units (IU) of vitamin D per day, beginning within the first two months of life . The amount of vitamin D should be continued throughout childhood and adolescence. You can buy vitamin D supplement for children in a drug store or grocery store. Talk to your baby's doctor to ensure that your baby is getting the right amount of vitamin D.

What are the vegetables that are rich in vitamin A?

Horseradish, vine called malabar nightshade, sweet potato leaves, spinach, pechay, taro leaves, chili, saluyot, ampalaya, string beans, carrots, squash, tomatoes, monggo horseradish and bitter are rich in vitamin A

What are the foods rich in vitamin C?

Guava, red bell pepper, papaya, orange juice, orange, pineapple, broccoli, green bell pepper, kohlrabi, strawberries, Grapefruit, cantaloupe, tomato juice, mango, TANGERINE, potato, raw cabbage, tomato, collard greens, spinach, brussel sprouts , turnip greens, cauliflower, blackberries, blueberries, acerola (West Indian cherry-like fruit) are rich in vitamin C.

Vitamin C taken orally is not effective enough?

Absorbed about 70% of vitamin C taken by mouth. When the amount of nutrition or as a supplement high absorption rate is reduced. For this reason, small amounts needed to be taken by mouth is more accurate. Moreover, vitamin C, heat, light, and quickly lose their effectiveness is found in contact with air, caution should be exercised in this regard. Parenteral (intravenous) route taken will not decrease the effectiveness of 100%, and much more effective than blood may get involve

Why is it important for the body of vitamin C?

Vitamin C is one of the most important antioxidant vitamins, and a very different duty free radicals (oxidants) has the ability to neutralize. Therefore, strengthening the immune system, is effective in cancer prevention and heart health. In addition, the activation of some important vitamins and minerals and also responsible for absorption. The most important of these is therefore very effective in removing iron and anemia. Another feature of interest to us all the vitamin C in the production of collagen, ie, hair, nail, skin and gums are important for the health

Which vitamins are most important....

Thirteen vitamins we need through health, nine of them soluble in water, and four are soluble in oil or fat.
Water soluble vitamins include vitamin B complex and vitamin C. The body is generally not retain significant amounts of these vitamins because they are rapidly excreted from the body, and therefore, every day should be taken in with food. Possibility of hypervitaminosis is relatively small because any excess is excreted rapidly from the body in urine.
Oil soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) is well absorbed, respectively, over the hose introduced into the body. However, this transfer can significantly disrupt the digestive system disease, biliary system and pancreas. These vitamins may very well remain in the body, usually in the liver and adipose tissue. Their excess is reflected as hypervitaminosis, whose consequences may be an imbalance and disease.
We must bear in mind that under certain conditions a greater need for vitamins. It is primarily about growth and development, convalescence, pregnancy, lactation and stress. In these cases, the increased needs for certain vitamins must be content with the introduction of the daily meals of large quantities of foods that contain a particular vitamin or by taking vitamin preparations.

VITAMINS AND MINERALS

The rapid pace of the modern way of life often does not leave enough time for proper nutrition which leads to fatigue, lack of energy, and sometimes the appearance of other ailments and health disorders. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to compensate for lack of which causes unhealthy diet vitamin supplements.

However, when taking any vitamins, caution is needed. Excessive intake can disrupt the natural balance of nutrients, certain vitamins (A, D, E and K) can be toxic. However, most of them melt in water and organisms are excreted in urine.

British scientists have even posted a warning in which they pointed out that regular intake of some vitamin supplements may have caused some health problems.

They point out that the biggest problem in the excesses. Some people are not taking account of the prescribed doses taken vitamin supplements, with the assumption, if vitamins are good for health, the more you take them the better. That's not true. Particular attention should turn to women during pregnancy or who are taking certain other medications.

However, some nutritionists say that vitamin supplements are necessary, such as Dr Ann Walker of the British Information Centre for health vitamin supplements: "Vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements not only have proven health benefits, but are essential for maintaining good health, they the bridge over the food gap that many people create their poor eating habits, which often lack essential vitamins and minerals. "




In any case, it would be best before taking vitamin supplements, consult a doctor or a nutritionist who will be based on your personal needs and eating habits to determine which vitamins and what are the best
for you.

Utility and sources of vitamins

Vitamin A (Retinol)

Vitamin A helps in proper functioning of vision, genital organs - reproduction, skin and has been cancer. 
Vitamin A Sources: Milk, yogurt, cheese, spinach, carrots, eggs, liver, green vegetables.

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)

Vitamin B1 helps in proper functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular system, skin, the correct metabolism of carbohydrates. 
Sources of Vitamin B1: Lean pork, liver, soybeans, nuts, milk, eggs, cereals, wholemeal bread, husked rice, vegetables.

Vitamin B2 (Pivoflavini)

Vitamin B2 helps in proper functioning of the nervous system and gut, skin, rapid healing of wounds in the eye. 
Vitamin B2 Sources: Liver, eggs, milk, cheese, mushrooms, flour, beans, chicken, green vegetables.

Vitamin B3 (pantothenic acid)

Vitamin B3 helps in proper functioning of the nervous system and endocrine glands. It also helps maintain normal blood glucose levels and proper metabolism of carbohydrates. 
Vitamin B3 Sources: Liver, wheat flour, husked rice, nuts, mushrooms, soy, salmon, eggs, pulses.

Vitamin B6 (Pyrodoxini)

Vitamin B6 helps the formation of hemoglobin, the proper functioning of the nervous system, the correct metabolism of fats and proteins, the synthesis of antibodies. 
Vitamin B6 Sources: Rice, wheat, beef, eggs, beans, avocado, banana, corn, fish, nuts, chicken, soy, milk, vegetables.

Vitamin B12 (Kovamalines)

Vitamin B12 helps in the formation of red blood cells, maintaining the integrity of the nervous tissue, metabolize carbohydrates, fats and proteins. 
Vitamin B12 Sources: Liver, red meat, fish, eggs, cheese, milk, yogurt, poultry, legumes, vegetables.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)


Vitamin C helps in proper absorption of iron in the prophylaxis of infections, fever, cold, detoxify the body to strengthen teeth and bones and has anticancer activity. 
Vitamin B12 Sources: Orange, grapefruit, lemon, pepper, celery, parsley, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, spinach, tomato, banana, berries, cherries and fruit in general.

Folic Acid

Folic acid helps form red blood cells in the nervous and reproductive disorders in the treatment of leukemia and cancer. 
Sources of folic acid: Liver, kidneys, avocados, beans, celery, eggs, fish, green leafy vegetables, spinach, walnuts, orange, soy, legumes.

Choline

Choline helps protect the liver from fatty degeneration, nerve impulses in the transition, facilitate metabolism. 
Choline Sources: Eggs, liver, soybeans, potatoes, cabbage, wheat, cereals, husked rice

Biotin

Biotin helps metabolize fats and carbohydrates. 
Biotin Sources: Eggs, liver, beef, cereals.

Vitamin D (Cholecalciferol)

Vitamin D helps in the formation of bones and teeth and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. 
Sources of Vitamin D: Eggs, milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, liver.

Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

Vitamin E has antioxidant properties, helps produce red blood cells and has antitumor activity. 
Sources of vitamin E: Olive oil, bread, cereal, eggs, red meat, liver.

Vitamin K (quinone)

Vitamin K helps blood to clot. 
Sources of vitamin K: Cereals, fruits, spinach, green leafy vegetable.

Niacin

Niacin helps metabolize the food in maintaining a healthy nervous system and skin health. 
Sources of niacin: Liver, kidney, lean meats, chicken, fish, rabbit, nuts, milk, cheese, eggs.

Pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid helps in the synthesis of hormones and the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates and proteins 
Sources of pantothenic acid: Beef, liver, legumes, eggs, cereals.

VAD, lack or abuse

Vitamins are substances the body requires for normal development. The lack or excess thereof, caused by poor diet or abuse of food supplements, can cause diseases known generically as VAD.

Today attention is often on the importance of vitamins, and many food products are marketed under the slogan: "vitamin enriched" so that we attribute to a value that these substances, although justified, often excessive.

Unfortunately, some people forget that a balanced diet itself provides all the nutrients we need, and only in special cases it is advisable to reinforce a product to complete the diet, on the contrary, powders and capsules make their base in food and ingest fast food off the clock, waiting for their food supplement, often supplied in excess, meet your needs.

At the other extreme are individuals who try to reach an ideal of beauty are deprived of their daily meals with the idea that eating less, your shape lose weight gradually up to a stereotype aesthetic, not noticing that unbalancing the diet and foster the emergence of diseases.

It is true that living things like plants, fungi and microorganisms are able to produce vitamins by themselves, but not humans, we need a balanced diet that includes products from all food groups, to ensure that there is stability and avoid organic disorders associated with these substances, known as VAD. There are three known types:

Avitaminosis, when there is a total lack or more vitamins.
Hypovitaminosis, there is partial lack of vitamins.
Hypervitaminosis , if any excess of one or more vitamins.
Vitamins are divided into two groups according to whether they are capable of dissolving in water (soluble) or fat (fat soluble). In the first group we find vitamin C and B complex, and the second to vitamins A, E, D and K, of course, is easier to have hypervitaminosis of the latter, since being poorly soluble in water are also difficult to remove the urine.

Following are the effects generated by the excess and deficiency of each of these vitamins in the human organism.

Not much to burn the saint ...

The hypervitaminosis are less frequent, and its main cause is the excessive consumption of food supplements or multivitamins with the aim of increasing weight or increase muscle mass. They are even less common in water-soluble, since the excess is eliminated naturally through the urine.

Vitamin B 1. Thiamine, aneurin or antiberibérica helps release energy from fat. There are no reported side effects of excessive consumption.

Vitamin B 2. Also called riboflavin, helps you gain energy and is important for the maintenance of mucous membranes and skin. Nor are records of adverse effects by ingesting too much.

Vitamin B 3. Known as niacin, nicotinic acid, or vitamin PP antipelagrosa factor helps to get energy from food, improves blood circulation and helps maintain skin, tongue and digestive and nervous systems. It is sometimes best taken in doses 200 times the daily amount suberiores recommended to control high levels of blood fats, and in such circumstances may cause severe redness, lesions of the liver, skin disorders, gout, ulcers and impaired tolerance to lactose (milk sugar).

Vitamin B 5. Also known as pantothenic acid or vitamin W, is necessary for the synthesis of stress hormones, fatty acid utilization, antibody formation and transformation of toxic substances. Its not cause excessive damage.

Vitamin B 6. Pyridoxine is linked to the development of transmitter substances used by the nervous system. Although it comes to prescribing in bulk for addressing problems in tendons, nerves or premenstrual tension, can damage the nerve endings and even the spinal cord.

Vitamin B 8. It is known as vitamin H or biotin, and is involved in reactions that produce energy and the assimilation of certain fats, it is necessary for growth and proper functioning of skin, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat and sexual. No reported problems from smoking too much.

Vitamin B 9. More popular under the name of folic acid, is involved in the proper development of an essential component of DNA and RNA, thymidine, and also helps in the production of blood cells. At doses 100 times greater than the amount required may increase the frequency of seizures in epileptics and exacerbate neuronal injury in people with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Vitamin B12. It is also called cobalamin and is involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins, as well as the formation of red blood cells is also needed to maintain the energy supply of the muscles. No effects have been reported by excessive drinking.

Vitamin C. The ascorbic acid or antiscorbutic is an antioxidant that also helps the generation of tissues, stimulates the defense against infection and is essential in the production of stress hormones produced by glands subrarrenales. Ingestion of large amounts may cause stones (presence of calculi or stones within the kidneys or urinary tract).

For its part, hypervitaminosis of liposoluble is more common, because they are stored in the liver and are more difficult to use, so that its excess amount is not removed with ease.

Vitamin. Known as retinol, beta-carotene or antixeroftálmica, is an antioxidant that eliminates free radicals (molecules that accelerate the aging of cells), slows the deterioration of tissues and is essential for the regeneration of rhodopsin, whose decomposition by light enables the vision of Eye. However, excessive drinking causes peeling of the skin, hair loss, weakness, shortness of breath and vomiting.

Vitamin D. Also known as antirachitic calciferol or regulates the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and hence bone stability. If you are in excess in the body produces digestive disorders (vomiting or diarrhea), and calcium accumulation in kidney, liver, heart or other organs.

Vitamin E. Also known as tocopherol or entiestéril, has antioxidant and protective activity apparently plays for certain fat molecules. So far, no adverse effects reported by excessive intake.

Call naphthoquinone vitamin K, phytonadione or antihemorrhagic, participates in the mechanism of blood clotting, no consumer is required because the bacterial flora produced in sufficient quantities. Also abuse it has no side effects.

Not too little ... not shine

Hypovitaminosis, or vitamin deficiency, may be due to unbalanced diet, inadequate diet for weight loss, anorexia and bulimia problems, liver disease or malabsorption of nutrients in the intestine due to congenital problems, parasites or alcoholism , among other factors.

Hypovitaminosis not presented as a single deficiency in one vitamin, but always generated together. That is, if some of the water soluble vitamins (C and B complex), there are few others of its kind, the same way, if insufficient, some soluble (A, D, E, K) is accompanied by the lack of their similar .

It is more common to find low levels of water soluble vitamins contained in vegetables (cereals, vegetables and fruit), as fast food, common in the current diet, side makes these products. Its characteristic features are:

Vitamin B 1. Its lack produces neuronal degeneration, muscle weakness, tenderness, loss of reflexes, heart failure, lack of appetite, edema (swelling soft formed by excessive amount of fluid in tissues) and, in extreme cases, death. This symptom picture is known as beriberi. It abounds in grain husks, which is in an inactive form (thiamine).

Vitamin B 2. Deficiency of this vitamin, although rare, causes dermatitis and mucosal lesions (tongue, lips, cornea and, mainly, in corners of the mouth). It is almost all foods, but mainly in dairy, meat, fish and birds.

Vitamin B 3. At low amounts can cause pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. May be due to feed corn that is not treated through nixtamalization, as this vitamin is "encapsulated" and is only released through this process. To meet the needs of the body should include foods derived from yeast fermentation (cheese, beer), meat, milk, sesame and fish.

Vitamin B 5. Its deficit causes the syndrome of "burning feet" (pain, burning and throbbing in these limbs), but can also generate nerve and circulatory disorders. It is found in all meats (especially liver), vegetables and fruits.

Vitamin B 6. The lack of this substance produces anemia, depression, seizures, fatigue, swelling of the peripheral nerves and skin disorders. To prevent failure should eat liver, chicken, cod, salmon, cheese, oatmeal, egg, avocado and potato.

Vitamin B 8. Low amounts of this element generated dermatitis, muscle aches, anemia and increased blood cholesterol. Animals get this nutrient through the activity of the bacterial flora of the bowel wall. Also found in liver, nuts, peanut butter, beans, egg yolks and cauliflower.

Vitamin B 9. Children who lack this substance have low resistance to disease and are stopped growing, while adults suffer from anemia, irritability, insomnia, memory loss and impaired defenses. Found in vegetables, liver, eggs and milk.

Vitamin B 12. Its scarcity and abnormality resulting in decreased formation of red blood cells in cases of extreme deficiency can occur psychosis, nerve degeneration, abnormal menstrual cycle, sores on the tongue and excessive pigmentation in the hands of people of color. Is included only in animal foods like red meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products, so it is common for people suffering from this hypovitaminosis vegetarian.

Vitamin C. Increasingly rare, its lack produces scurvy, a condition characterized by swelling and bleeding gums, in extreme cases, tooth loss, also bleeding may occur in very thin bloodstream (capillaries) that become fragile and more likely to infections. It is abundant in citrus fruits, vegetables and milk.

Vitamin B6 for mood disorders

Vitamin B6 for mood disorders

The B complex vitamins contain a variety of interesting properties in regard to particular brain function, but that would have the greatest impact on everything related to neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin, in short, to connections that have an impact on our mood, what is vitamin B6. It is also prescribed for women with significant symptoms of mood disorders during PMS.

Vitamin B6 also ensures adequate oxygenation of the brain, a good immune defense and is a powerful antioxidant that helps rid the body of toxic substances we eat.
But this vitamin, found in our diet, could help more people than you think .