Vitamins are substances the body requires for normal development. The lack or excess thereof, caused by poor diet or abuse of food supplements, can cause diseases known generically as VAD.
Today attention is often on the importance of vitamins, and many food products are marketed under the slogan: "vitamin enriched" so that we attribute to a value that these substances, although justified, often excessive.
Unfortunately, some people forget that a balanced diet itself provides all the nutrients we need, and only in special cases it is advisable to reinforce a product to complete the diet, on the contrary, powders and capsules make their base in food and ingest fast food off the clock, waiting for their food supplement, often supplied in excess, meet your needs.
At the other extreme are individuals who try to reach an ideal of beauty are deprived of their daily meals with the idea that eating less, your shape lose weight gradually up to a stereotype aesthetic, not noticing that unbalancing the diet and foster the emergence of diseases.
It is true that living things like plants, fungi and microorganisms are able to produce vitamins by themselves, but not humans, we need a balanced diet that includes products from all food groups, to ensure that there is stability and avoid organic disorders associated with these substances, known as VAD. There are three known types:
Avitaminosis, when there is a total lack or more vitamins.
Hypovitaminosis, there is partial lack of vitamins.
Hypervitaminosis , if any excess of one or more vitamins.
Vitamins are divided into two groups according to whether they are capable of dissolving in water (soluble) or fat (fat soluble). In the first group we find vitamin C and B complex, and the second to vitamins A, E, D and K, of course, is easier to have hypervitaminosis of the latter, since being poorly soluble in water are also difficult to remove the urine.
Following are the effects generated by the excess and deficiency of each of these vitamins in the human organism.
Not much to burn the saint ...
The hypervitaminosis are less frequent, and its main cause is the excessive consumption of food supplements or multivitamins with the aim of increasing weight or increase muscle mass. They are even less common in water-soluble, since the excess is eliminated naturally through the urine.
Vitamin B 1. Thiamine, aneurin or antiberibérica helps release energy from fat. There are no reported side effects of excessive consumption.
Vitamin B 2. Also called riboflavin, helps you gain energy and is important for the maintenance of mucous membranes and skin. Nor are records of adverse effects by ingesting too much.
Vitamin B 3. Known as niacin, nicotinic acid, or vitamin PP antipelagrosa factor helps to get energy from food, improves blood circulation and helps maintain skin, tongue and digestive and nervous systems. It is sometimes best taken in doses 200 times the daily amount suberiores recommended to control high levels of blood fats, and in such circumstances may cause severe redness, lesions of the liver, skin disorders, gout, ulcers and impaired tolerance to lactose (milk sugar).
Vitamin B 5. Also known as pantothenic acid or vitamin W, is necessary for the synthesis of stress hormones, fatty acid utilization, antibody formation and transformation of toxic substances. Its not cause excessive damage.
Vitamin B 6. Pyridoxine is linked to the development of transmitter substances used by the nervous system. Although it comes to prescribing in bulk for addressing problems in tendons, nerves or premenstrual tension, can damage the nerve endings and even the spinal cord.
Vitamin B 8. It is known as vitamin H or biotin, and is involved in reactions that produce energy and the assimilation of certain fats, it is necessary for growth and proper functioning of skin, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat and sexual. No reported problems from smoking too much.
Vitamin B 9. More popular under the name of folic acid, is involved in the proper development of an essential component of DNA and RNA, thymidine, and also helps in the production of blood cells. At doses 100 times greater than the amount required may increase the frequency of seizures in epileptics and exacerbate neuronal injury in people with vitamin B12 deficiency.
Vitamin B12. It is also called cobalamin and is involved in the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins, as well as the formation of red blood cells is also needed to maintain the energy supply of the muscles. No effects have been reported by excessive drinking.
Vitamin C. The ascorbic acid or antiscorbutic is an antioxidant that also helps the generation of tissues, stimulates the defense against infection and is essential in the production of stress hormones produced by glands subrarrenales. Ingestion of large amounts may cause stones (presence of calculi or stones within the kidneys or urinary tract).
For its part, hypervitaminosis of liposoluble is more common, because they are stored in the liver and are more difficult to use, so that its excess amount is not removed with ease.
Vitamin. Known as retinol, beta-carotene or antixeroftálmica, is an antioxidant that eliminates free radicals (molecules that accelerate the aging of cells), slows the deterioration of tissues and is essential for the regeneration of rhodopsin, whose decomposition by light enables the vision of Eye. However, excessive drinking causes peeling of the skin, hair loss, weakness, shortness of breath and vomiting.
Vitamin D. Also known as antirachitic calciferol or regulates the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and hence bone stability. If you are in excess in the body produces digestive disorders (vomiting or diarrhea), and calcium accumulation in kidney, liver, heart or other organs.
Vitamin E. Also known as tocopherol or entiestéril, has antioxidant and protective activity apparently plays for certain fat molecules. So far, no adverse effects reported by excessive intake.
Call naphthoquinone vitamin K, phytonadione or antihemorrhagic, participates in the mechanism of blood clotting, no consumer is required because the bacterial flora produced in sufficient quantities. Also abuse it has no side effects.
Not too little ... not shine
Hypovitaminosis, or vitamin deficiency, may be due to unbalanced diet, inadequate diet for weight loss, anorexia and bulimia problems, liver disease or malabsorption of nutrients in the intestine due to congenital problems, parasites or alcoholism , among other factors.
Hypovitaminosis not presented as a single deficiency in one vitamin, but always generated together. That is, if some of the water soluble vitamins (C and B complex), there are few others of its kind, the same way, if insufficient, some soluble (A, D, E, K) is accompanied by the lack of their similar .
It is more common to find low levels of water soluble vitamins contained in vegetables (cereals, vegetables and fruit), as fast food, common in the current diet, side makes these products. Its characteristic features are:
Vitamin B 1. Its lack produces neuronal degeneration, muscle weakness, tenderness, loss of reflexes, heart failure, lack of appetite, edema (swelling soft formed by excessive amount of fluid in tissues) and, in extreme cases, death. This symptom picture is known as beriberi. It abounds in grain husks, which is in an inactive form (thiamine).
Vitamin B 2. Deficiency of this vitamin, although rare, causes dermatitis and mucosal lesions (tongue, lips, cornea and, mainly, in corners of the mouth). It is almost all foods, but mainly in dairy, meat, fish and birds.
Vitamin B 3. At low amounts can cause pellagra, a disease characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea and dementia. May be due to feed corn that is not treated through nixtamalization, as this vitamin is "encapsulated" and is only released through this process. To meet the needs of the body should include foods derived from yeast fermentation (cheese, beer), meat, milk, sesame and fish.
Vitamin B 5. Its deficit causes the syndrome of "burning feet" (pain, burning and throbbing in these limbs), but can also generate nerve and circulatory disorders. It is found in all meats (especially liver), vegetables and fruits.
Vitamin B 6. The lack of this substance produces anemia, depression, seizures, fatigue, swelling of the peripheral nerves and skin disorders. To prevent failure should eat liver, chicken, cod, salmon, cheese, oatmeal, egg, avocado and potato.
Vitamin B 8. Low amounts of this element generated dermatitis, muscle aches, anemia and increased blood cholesterol. Animals get this nutrient through the activity of the bacterial flora of the bowel wall. Also found in liver, nuts, peanut butter, beans, egg yolks and cauliflower.
Vitamin B 9. Children who lack this substance have low resistance to disease and are stopped growing, while adults suffer from anemia, irritability, insomnia, memory loss and impaired defenses. Found in vegetables, liver, eggs and milk.
Vitamin B 12. Its scarcity and abnormality resulting in decreased formation of red blood cells in cases of extreme deficiency can occur psychosis, nerve degeneration, abnormal menstrual cycle, sores on the tongue and excessive pigmentation in the hands of people of color. Is included only in animal foods like red meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products, so it is common for people suffering from this hypovitaminosis vegetarian.
Vitamin C. Increasingly rare, its lack produces scurvy, a condition characterized by swelling and bleeding gums, in extreme cases, tooth loss, also bleeding may occur in very thin bloodstream (capillaries) that become fragile and more likely to infections. It is abundant in citrus fruits, vegetables and milk.
